Anonymous asked: the japanese language uses only a few particles for tons of mutiple things. i'm currently learning japanese and it's really hard to know when to use what particle since they all seem the same to me. can you explain when to use which particles?
Hello.
I’m sorry, but if it was possible to answer such a question thoroughly in a single text post, I don’t think people would have to pay for language classes. However, I can give you general rules of thumb:
- は // wa:
- ~is/am; used for general opinions about a topic known between the speaker and listener
- noun は adjective/verb/descriptive-noun
- EG: tori は tobu (birds fly)
- が // ga:
- ~is/am; used to describe something unknown to the listener
- noun が adjective/verb/descriptive-noun
- EG: watashi が dekiru (I can do it)
- に // ni:
- used like “to”, it signifies a change towards a direction
- noun/location/adjective に verb
- EG: kirei に narimasu (will become pretty)
- EG2: kuruma に iku (will go to the car)
- へ // e:
- also used like “to” or like “for” on envelopes/letters, this signifies a direction towards something
- location へ verb
- EG: higashi へ ikou (let’s go East)
- person へ
- EG: Julie へ (to: Julie)
- で // de:
- used to indicate where something is occurring or how something is being done; when placed after a noun or means of transport, it means “by”, when used after a location, it means that something will/has taken place there
- means-of-transport で verb
- EG: kuruma で ikou (let’s go by car)
- noun で verb
- EG: jibun で dekiru (i can do it by myself)
- location で verb
- EG: kouen で aimashou (let’s meet at the park)
- と // to:
- “and”
- EG: sore と kore (this and that)
- を // (w)o:
- used to indicate an action on a noun
- noun を verb
- EG: mado を aketekudasai (please open the window)
- の // no:
- signifies the possessive form of something
- noun/pronoun の noun
- EG: okaasan の yasashisa (mom’s kindness)
- から // kara:
- used as “because” or to indicate a change (in location, preferences, etc)
- reason (da)kara consequence
- EG: kawaii から eranda (I chose it ‘cause it’s cute)
- noun/verb/adjective から noun/verb/adjective
- EG: koko から soko (here to there)
- より // yori:
- used to compare things, it’s roughly “<”
- noun より noun
- EG: hana より choko (chocolate over flowers)
And there you have it. It’s an incomplete list with very shallow explanations, but it’s the best you’ll get from me while I’m studying for my own exam.
(╯°Д°)╯︵/(.□ . \)
Still, I hope you find this helpful. Good luck!
