This is a list of medical mnemonics, side-notes, and generalizations I wrote down while going through my 2010 First Aid book while supplementing with 2012 Falcon, Kaplan, and a bit of Goljan. I stopped at around three-quarters of the text because I got tired and felt like not many people would be interested, but if you want me to post the rest some day, feel free to ask me.
P.S. If you want to find a topic fast, I suggest Ctrl+F
My old Anatomy student also asked for a clarification of the nephron. Doodled this using my second semester notes + First Aid 2010 as reference. (Click on the image to see a larger version.)
Since my online premed notes are really helping me with Viro and Microbio right now (specific topics are so much easier to look up online than through my library of paper notes), I think I’m going to post some more notes to help me study for the USMLE Step 1. If you’re in the same boat as me, feel free to use these as you like.
A Brief Overview of the Physiology of Sleep. General Awake-state Brain Waves: Active and alert: beta brain waves Tired/meditative state: alpha waves Sleep Cycle Stages: non-REM stage 1: drowsiness theta waves non-REM stage 2: light sleep kappa waves with spindles procedural memory consolidation decrease in neurotransmitters that allow for movement non-REM stage 3: deep sleep delta waves semantic memory consolidation muscle paralysis Disorders: Parasomnia somnambulism (sleep walking) sleep talking night terrors Rapid eye movement stage (REM): “vivid dreaming” (however, studies show dreaming can occur at any stage) beta waves (similar to awake state) REM is due to the eyes tracking mental images Disorders: REM behavior disorders (I.E., acting out one’s dream); associated with Parkinson’s Disease Narcolepsy: immediate transition from awake state to REM; most likely due to unusual levels of orexin (hypothalamic neurotransmitter responsible for satiety and wakefulness) Four to five uninterrupted sleep cycles are required for “effective sleep.”
A peculiar side-effect of heavy marijuana use in males is irreversible breast enlargement
and shrunken testicles.
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